Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Test

What is pulmonary edema?

1. Accumulation of air in the pleural cavity

2. Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac

3. Accumulation of fluid in the alveoli

4. Accumulation of blood in the bronchi

The correct answer is: Accumulation of fluid in the alveoli

Pulmonary edema is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli, which are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. This fluid buildup can significantly impair the ability of the lungs to oxygenate blood and can also lead to respiratory distress. Conditions such as congestive heart failure, pneumonia, or exposure to toxic substances can contribute to pulmonary edema. When the alveoli fill with fluid, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is hindered, resulting in symptoms such as shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, and a feeling of suffocation, particularly when lying down. Understanding this condition is crucial for EMTs as it helps in the recognition and management of patients experiencing respiratory distress.