Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Test

Which condition is characterized by a buildup of fluid in the body due to heart failure?

1. Cerebral edema

2. Renal colic

3. Peripheral neuropathy

4. Congestive heart failure

The correct answer is: Congestive heart failure

Congestive heart failure is a condition in which the heart's ability to pump blood is compromised, leading to inadequate circulation to meet the body’s needs. This impairment often results in a buildup of fluid in various parts of the body, particularly in the lungs, which is known as pulmonary congestion, and in the extremities, causing peripheral edema. The reason this condition manifests in fluid accumulation is that weakened heart function fails to effectively pump blood, which can increase pressure in the veins and cause fluids to leak into surrounding tissues. This fluid retention is a hallmark of congestive heart failure. In contrast, cerebral edema refers to swelling in the brain caused by an accumulation of fluid, typically related to trauma, infection, or other neurological issues, rather than a cardiac condition. Renal colic is associated with kidney stones causing severe pain and does not involve heart function. Peripheral neuropathy is a condition affecting the nerves, often resulting from diabetes or other factors, rather than fluid overload due to heart issues. Thus, congestive heart failure is the only option that directly describes a buildup of fluid in the body attributable to heart function decline.