Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Test

Which intervention is contraindicated in a pneumothorax?

1. Use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine

2. Oxygen therapy

3. Administration of a bronchodilator

4. Application of a splint

The correct answer is: Use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine

In the context of a pneumothorax, the use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine is contraindicated because it can increase intrathoracic pressure. A pneumothorax involves the presence of air in the pleural space, which can compromise lung function and capacity for oxygen exchange. When CPAP is administered, the continuous pressure can exacerbate the pneumothorax by pushing more air into the pleural cavity, potentially leading to a tension pneumothorax—a life-threatening situation where the trapped air increases pressure on the lungs and heart. Oxygen therapy is typically not contraindicated and can be beneficial in managing hypoxia related to respiratory distress. Similarly, the administration of a bronchodilator may be warranted if there is bronchospasm or obstructive lung disease present, as it can help improve airflow. The application of a splint might also be appropriate in situations where there is associated trauma, as it can stabilize any rib injuries that may have occurred alongside the pneumothorax.