Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Test

Which signs/symptoms are associated with a basilar skull fracture?

1. Bruising behind ears

2. Blood and CSF from ears/nose

3. Raccoon eyes

4. Torso and legs

The correct answer is: Bruising behind ears

A basilar skull fracture can present with specific signs and symptoms due to its location at the base of the skull, leading to damage in areas that affect surrounding structures, including the ears and brain. Bruising behind the ears, known as Battle's sign, is a classic manifestation that occurs due to bleeding and is often indicative of a fracture in that region. This sign occurs as a result of blood pooling in the soft tissues behind the ear following trauma. It is essential as it not only suggests a serious skull fracture but also indicates potential underlying brain injury or leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Blood and CSF leaking from the ears or nose, as well as raccoon eyes (periorbital ecchymosis), are also significant signs associated with basilar skull fractures. They highlight the likelihood of injury to the dura mater or the meninges but were not chosen in this instance. The mention of the torso and legs is unrelated to the identification of cranial injuries. Therefore, the presence of bruising behind the ears is a key indicator that helps healthcare providers recognize and diagnose a basilar skull fracture in patients who have experienced significant head trauma.